Synthetic musks in the aquatic environment and personal care products in Shanghai, China

The concentrations and distributions of six polycyclic musks and two nitro musks in Suzhou Creek, influent/effluent of a sewage treatment plant (STP), and household commodities were investigated and discussed in this study. The levels of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexa-methylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) in Suzhou Creek were 3–78 ng g−1 (dry weight) and 2–31 ng g−1 (dry weight) in sediments, while 20–93 ng l−1 and 8–20 ng l−1 in surface waters. The results indicated a low proportion of wastewater burden in this river. The concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in the effluent of the STP were 5- to 6-fold higher than those in Suzhou Creek. The amounts discharged into the aquatic environment from sewage in Shanghai are 1.26 t (HHCB) and 0.38 t (AHTN) in 2007, and the input into the STPs is estimated to be HHCB 0.2 g y−1 and AHTN 0.06 g y−1 per inhabitant, respectively. A broad concentration range of HHCB and AHTN could be observed in household commodities. The distributions are in accordance with the profiles of musks in aquatic environment, with HHCB and AHTN being the major components.