Influence of sediment redox conditions on release/solubility of metals and nutrients in a Louisiana Mississippi River deltaic plain freshwater lake

The influence of sediment redox conditions on solubility of selected metals and nutrients in sediment from a coastal Louisiana freshwater lake (Lake Cataouatche) receiving diverted Mississippi River water was quantified. Sediment redox was cycled step wise in 50 mV increments between oxidized (− 200 to + 500 mV) and reduced (+ 500 to − 200 mV) conditions. Changes in sediment oxidation/reduction status and pH influenced solubility of both metals and nutrients. When redox potential (Eh) was increased from − 200 to + 500 mV, sediment pH decreased from 7.1 to 5.7. When the sediment Eh decreased from + 500 to − 200 mV, pH increased from 5.7 to 7.1. The increase in sediment acidity upon oxidation resulted in the release of the Pb, Ca, Mg, Al, and Zn into solution. The solution concentration of these elements was inversely proportional to Eh (P ≤ 0.05). The concentration of Fe, Mn, and P in sediment suspension was strongly governed by changes in oxidation-reduction status of sediment. The oxidation of reduced sediment resulted in a decrease in amount of Fe and Mn in solution, a result of the conversion of soluble ferrous and manganous form to less soluble ferric and manganic form. Following reduction of oxidized sediment, Fe and Mn became more soluble because the ferric iron and manganic manganese form changed to ferrous and manganous form. Phosphorus behavior as influenced by oxidation/reduction status was closely related to Fe and Mn chemistry with an increase in phosphate following iron reduction. This study demonstrated that sediment redox potential is an important parameter affecting metal and nutrient solubility and mobility in Louisiana coastal freshwater lake sediment. Reduction or aeration status of sediment should be considered in predicting the release of these elements into the aquatic environment.