کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
4450397 | 1620562 | 2011 | 18 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
We propose an updated wind speed scale description adapted for Central Europe considering wind impact to buildings as well as to vegetation. The scale is motivated by the need of a broadly applicable, accurate and consistent tornado or downburst intensity rating system based on a standardised wind speed scale for the purpose of climatological homogeneity. The description comprises building and vegetation damage characteristics, which can be found in Central Europe - but similar in other parts of the world, occurring with the various classes of the Fujita- and T-scales. The scale description is supplemented by photographs of typical damage. For practical application, an ensemble-based use of a decision matrix for specific building structures and vegetation types is suggested.
Research highlights
► We propose an updated tornado/downburst wind speed scale description.
► The scale helps to make rating systems broadly applicable, accurate and consistent.
► Wind impacts to buildings/vegetation are considered for Central Europe.
► The scale description is supplemented by photographs of typical damage.
► We suggest an ensemble-based decision matrix for specific building/vegetation types.
Journal: Atmospheric Research - Volume 100, Issue 4, June 2011, Pages 547–564