Patient-specific modeling of cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics during hypercapnia

► We model pulsatile cardio-respiratory dynamics during eucapnia and hypercapnia. ► Modeled cerebral blood flow, aortic blood pressure and expiratory CO2 compared to data. ► Parameter subset for estimation is found with sensitivity analysis and subset selection. ► Optimizations predict eucapnia and hypercapnia for a congestive heart failure patient. ► CO2 reactivity during hypercapnia simulated by varying cerebral vascular resistance.