Impact of enhanced malaria control on the competition between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in India

► We present a model of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria with coinfection. ► Reproduction numbers and invasion numbers are derived. ► Model is parameterized using clinical case data from India. ► P. vivax outcompeting P. falciparum is a likely long-term outcome. ► Increased use of bednets was most effective control intervention in India between 1997 and 2010.