Investigating fault propagation and segment linkage using throw distribution analysis within the Agbada formation of Ewan and Oloye fields, northwestern Niger delta

Throw distribution analysis of the key stratigraphic surfaces (sequence boundaries and maximum flooding surfaces) across faults has allowed detailed investigation of the tectonic history within the Ewan and Oloye fields, northwestern Niger delta. The structure in the studied area is dominated by growth fault systems which are listric in cross section and concave to the basin in plan-view. Generally, the faults are active down to 2000 m depth before they die out or sole into the underlying shale. The hanging-wall blocks of growth faults are deformed into broad rollover anticlines, with some synthetic and antithetic faults initiated from the anticline crests, and fault splays off major faults, further complicating these structures. Stratigraphic key surfaces within the syn-faulting succession range in age from 16.7 to 10.35 Ma.Periods of maximum and minimum throw are established from 2-Dimensional throw distribution on the growth fault plane. Throw distribution allows analysis of growth fault nucleation, propagation and linkage. Each fault nucleated at different and a distinct interval within the stratigraphic section, as a result of the paleo-stress distribution between the interacting faults. Nucleation and linkage positions can be identified at points of maximum and minimum throw respectively. Following nucleation, faults propagated radially and linked to form the present geometry. Within the study area, fault propagation and segment linkage (lateral and vertical) are important features of the fault system. Understanding of growth fault evolution and linkage has greatly improved prediction of seal potential, trap geometry and migration. The accurate timing of the segment linkage has helped to evaluate the seal risk.