“It's complicated.” A systematic review of associations between social network site use and romantic relationships

Social network site (SNS) use may have important implications for romantic relationships. This systematic literature review aims to (a) identify theory-based approaches for studying associations between SNS use and romantic relationships, (b) identify key romantic relationship constructs measured in relation to SNS use, (c) synthesize the mechanisms by which SNS use may influence and be influenced by romantic relationships, and (d) discuss improved methods for guiding future research. Twenty-six peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2000 to 2015 that include measures of a romantic relationship construct as an outcome or predictor of SNS-related behavior for someone in a romantic relationship comprise this review. Studies are categorized as focusing on individual characteristics, relationship characteristics, or behavioral actions. Overall, findings indicate underdevelopment of SNS-related theory, and suggest that SNS behaviors may both influence and be influenced by individual and relationship characteristics such as adult attachment style, SNS-induced jealousy, relationship satisfaction and commitment, and partner identity overlap. Gender appears to influence associations between SNS use and relationship constructs, particularly in relation to interpreting ambiguous information about a partner. Further, SNSs may serve a maintenance function within romantic relationships. Directions for future research include assessing multiple SNSs in diverse samples and standardizing measurement of SNS behaviors.