ReviewBiofouling and control approaches in membrane bioreactors

- Biofouling has become a major issue during MBR operation.
- Various MBR biofouling factors and control strategies are reviewed.
- Sludge properties play a critical role in membrane biofouling potential.
- Adding sponge or bioflocculant into MBR achieves desirable fouling reduction.
- Development of integrated MBRs with novel flocculants and media is needed.

Membrane fouling (especially biofouling) as a critical issue during membrane reactor (MBR) operation has attracted much attention in recent years. Although previous review papers have presented different aspects of MBR's fouling when treating various wastewaters, the information related to biofouling in MBRs has only simply or partially reviewed. This work attempts to give a more comprehensive and elaborate explanation of biofilm formation, biofouling factors and control approaches by addressing current achievements. This also suggests to a better way in controlling biofouling by developing new integrated MBR systems, novel flocculants and biomass carriers.

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