Exponential-time differencing schemes for low-mass DPD systems

Several exponential-time differencing (ETD) schemes are introduced into the method of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) to solve the resulting stiff stochastic differential equations in the limit of small mass, where emphasis is placed on the handling of the fluctuating terms (i.e., those involving random forces). Their performances are investigated numerically in some test viscometric flows. Results obtained show that the present schemes outperform the velocity-Verlet algorithm regarding both the satisfaction of equipartition and the maximum allowable time step.