Enhanced electrocatalytic performance of an ultrafine AuPt nanoalloy framework embedded in graphene towards epinephrine sensing

A novel hierarchical nanoporous thin film of AuPt alloy embedded in graphene (AuPt@GR) was successfully synthesized through the self-assembly of ultrafine AuPt nanoparticles (~3 nm) within GR sheets by means of a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedure without the use of any external organic capping agent and reducing agent. A binder-free sensor based on the AuPt@GR hybrid material was fabricated and its electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by using it to determine epinephrine (EP) in PBS solution (pH=7.4) and in human serum spiked PBS solution. Amperometric measurements of the sensor response showed an extremely low limit of detection (0.9 nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), high sensitivity (1628 µA m M−1 cm−2), wide linear detection range (1.5×10−9-9.6×10−6 M), and negligible response to interferents. At the same time, the sensor also exhibited very long-term amperometric stability (4000 s), cyclic voltammetric stability (500 cycles), good reproducibility, and highly accurate detection of EP in real samples. The excellent electrochemical performance was attributed to synergistic effects of Au, Pt, and GR as well as to the formation of a unique nanoporous structure that provided enhanced electrocatalytic activity, a highly electroactive surface, and fast mass transport. These results suggest strong potential of the AuPt@GR hybrids for use in biosensors and bioelectronic devices.