Developmental changes in neural correlates of cognitive reappraisal: An ERP study using the late positive potential

- LPP amplitude was reduced after reappraised negative pictures in 12-15-year-olds.
- Similar reductions in LPP amplitudes were not found in 8-11-year-olds.
- Reappraisal induced LPP modulation did not correlate with self-reported reappraisal.
- LPP modulation can serve as a valid neural marker for cognitive reappraisal.
- Caution is warranted when using the LPP for such purpose in younger children.

ObjectiveThe reduction of the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) following cognitive reappraisal has been used as a neural marker of emotion regulation. However, studies employing this neural marker in children are scarce and findings are not conclusive, with most studies showing a lack of LPP modulation after reappraisal in children in the age range of 5-12 years. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate developmental changes in sensitivity of LPP modulation to cognitive reappraisal. To do so, LPP modulation due to cognitive reappraisal of negative pictures was compared between two age groups (8- to 11- versus 12- to 15-year-olds) and regression analyses were applied within the total sample to test whether sensitivity of LPP modulation shows a linear increase with age.MethodIn 63 children the LPP was measured after negative pictures that were either combined with a negative story or with a neutral, reappraising story.ResultsAlthough groups did not differ for self-reports on reappraisal, a significant reduction of LPP following cognitive reappraisal was only found in the older children, whereas such an effect was absent in the younger children. Findings were similar for boys and girls. Additional analyses showed a linear increase in sensitivity of LPP modulation with age.ConclusionsThe results indicate that LPP modulation as measured in the current paradigm can be used as a valid index of emotion regulation in boys and girls but that caution is recommended using it in younger children.