Want freedom, will travel: Emigrant self-selection according to institutional quality

- Examine up to 77 countries; 1990-2000.
- Relate migration flows to differences in political and economic freedoms.
- Examine OECD versus non-OECD; college educated versus non-college educated.
- OLS and PPML results; control for multilateral resistance.
- Once economic freedoms are controlled for, political freedoms not always significant.

We investigate emigrant self-selection according to institutional quality using up to 3566 observations on bilateral migration flows from 77 countries over the 1990-2000 period. We relate these flows to differences in political and economic institutions. We improve and expand upon previous studies by (i) examining decade-long migration flows that (ii) include flows not only to OECD countries but also to non-OECD countries, also (iii) utilizing an estimation method that takes into account the information in zero value migration flows and (iv) examining not only total migration flows but also college-educated and non-college-educated subsamples separately. We find that economic freedoms are a significant pull factor for potential migrants. Once economic freedoms are controlled for, measures of political institutions do not always enter significantly into our estimations. Results are similar for college- and non-college-educated subsamples. Improvements in legal systems and property rights appear to be the strongest pull factor for potential migrants.