The role of the LB structural loop and its interactions with the PDZ domain of the human HtrA3 protease

- The HtrA3 LB structural loop is longer by 6 amino acid residues compared to other human HtrA proteases
- The LB loop interacts with the PDZ domain in a way unique among HtrA proteins
- The additional LB loop residues and their interactions with the PDZ stabilize the ΔN-HtrA3L trimeric structure
- The additional LB loop residues are important for the ΔN-HtrA3 protease activity, including XIAP cleavage
- The expanded LB loop promotes the ΔN-HtrA3L activity by stabilizing the protease trimeric structure

Human HtrA3 protease is a proapoptotic protein, involved in embryo implantation and oncogenesis. In stress conditions the protease is activated by removal of its N-terminal domain. The activated form, ΔN-HtrA3L is a homotrimer composed of the protease (PD) and PDZ domains. The LB structural loop of the PD is longer by six amino acid residues than its counterparts of other human HtrA proteins and interacts with the PDZ in a way not observed in other known HtrA structures. By size exclusion chromatography of the ΔN-HtrA3L mutated variants we found that removal of the additional LB loop residues caused a complete loss of the proper trimeric structure while impairing their interactions with the PDZ domain decreased the amount of the trimers. This indicates that the LB loop participates in stabilization of the ΔN-HtrA3L oligomer structure and suggests involvement of the LB-PDZ interactions in the stabilization. Removal of the additional LB loop residues impaired the ΔN-HtrA3L activity against the peptide and protein substrates, including the antiapoptotic XIAP protein, while a decrease in the LB-PDZ interaction caused a diminished efficiency of the peptide cleavage. These results indicate that the additional LB residues are important for the ΔN-HtrA3L proteolytic activity. Furthermore, a monomeric form of the ΔN-HtrA3L is proteolytically inactive. In conclusion, our results suggest that the expanded LB loop promotes the ΔN-HtrA3L activity by stabilizing the protease native trimeric structure.