Polar constituents, protection against reactive oxygen species, and nutritional value of Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis Bunge)

- The macronutrient profile of Chinese artichoke is dominated by carbohydrates.
- Potassium is the most abundant micro-nutrient.
- Phenylethanoid and iridoid glucosides are the bioactive components.
- Chinese artichoke ethanolic extract protects cells against reactive oxygen species.

In the present work, we studied the chemical composition of Chinese artichoke (S. affinis tubers) by analyzing its polar constituents and its macro- and micro- nutrients. A total of nine compounds were isolated from the tuber ethanolic extract and structurally elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The marker compounds identified were oligosaccharide stachyose and the organic acid, succinic acid, as well as phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides. The macronutrient profile was dominated by carbohydrates (36.9% dw), whereas potassium (2.36%) was the most abundant micro-nutrient. The tuber ethanolic extract was able to efficiently protect human cells (Caco-2, SHSY-5Y and K562) against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage.

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