Rapid ultrasonic and microwave-assisted micellar extraction of zingiberone, shogaol and gingerols from gingers using biosurfactants

- The UAME and MAME were established for extraction of zingiberone, shogaol and gingerols from gingers.
- Bile salts were applied as the extraction medium in the micellar extraction.
- The proposed method involved the use of UHPLC-UV.
- High extraction efficiencies of active compounds in gingers were achieved.
- The proposed method was a rapid, simple, effective and environmentally friendly approach.

Two kinds of extraction methods ultrasonic-assisted micellar extraction (UAME) and microwave-assisted micellar extraction (MAME) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) were developed and evaluated for extraction and determination of zingerone, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol and 10-gingerol in Rhizoma Zingiberis and Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparata. A biosurfactant, hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt, was used in micellar extraction. Several experimental parameters were studied separately by a univariate method. The result indicated that the MAME was more efficient than UAME. The optimal conditions of MAME were as follows: 100 mM of hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt was used as surfactant, the irradiation time was set at 10 s and the extraction temperature was set at 60 °C. The validation results indicated that the limits of detection were in the range of 3.80-8.11 ng/mL. The average recoveries were in the range of 87.32-103.12% for the two samples at two spiking levels. Compared with other reported methods, the proposed MAME-UHPLC-UV method was more effective, quicker (10 s) and more eco-friendly.