Sodium hyaluronate-functionalized urea-formaldehyde monolithic column for hydrophilic in-tube solid-phase microextraction of melamine

- A novel HA-functionalized UF monolith was developed for hydrophilic in-tube SPME.
- An enhanced hydrophilic extraction capacity was achieved via HA functionalization.
- A sensitive method for determination of melamine was proposed.

A novel sodium hyaluronate-functionalized urea-formaldehyde (UF) monolithic column has been developed by in-situ polycondensation of urea, formaldehyde and sodium hyaluronate (HA). HA plays both the roles of crosslinking and hydrophilic functionalization. The preparation factors including different molecular weights of HA and different amounts of HA were optimized, and then a uniform monolith with satisfactory permeability and hydrophilic binding capacity was obtained. Due to the excellent hydrophilicity of HA, HA-functionalized UF monolith showed higher hydrophilic extraction efficiency than UF monolith, and was applied for hydrophilic in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of melamine (MEL). Several factors for hydrophilic in-tube SPME, such as ACN percentage in the sampling solution, salt concentration and pH value of the sampling solution, elution volume, sampling and elution flow rate, were investigated with respect to the extraction efficiency of MEL. Under the optimized SPME conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of MEL was found to be 0.2 ng/mL in the milk formula samples, the recoveries of MEL spiked in milk formula samples ranged from 87.3% to 96.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.1%. Owing to the excellent hydrophilic extraction ability, the novel HA-functionalized UF monolith could provide a promising tool for the sensitive analysis of polar analytes in complicated samples.