Sources of organic matter in Changjiang (Yangtze River) bed sediments: Preliminary insights from organic geochemical proxies

Insight into the content and composition of organic carbon (OC) in river systems contributes to our understanding of the global carbon cycle. The Changjiang (Yangtze River) plays a significant role in global carbon and hydrological cycles, as it is an important supplier of sediment, nutrients and OC to the East China Sea. To provide a preliminary insight into the source of OC transported by the Changjiang, we analyzed bulk (grain size, organic carbon content, δ13C), and molecular (lignin phenols, branched and isoprenoid GDGTs) characteristics of organic matter in bed sediments at eight locations along the river. The δ13C values and lignin phenol composition indicate that the OC originates from a mixture of primarily soils and plants. Comparison between branched GDGT (br GDGT) distributions in riverbed sediments and those in the different soil types in the drainage basin indicate that the br GDGT signal in the upper reaches is largely derived from soils from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Downstream changes in br GDGT distributions can be linked to subsequent input of local soil material. The observed variation in br GDGT composition along the river implies that a portion of the OC may be oxidized or replaced by the local input during transit. Although the relationship between δ13C and lignin phenol composition indicates that the contribution of phytoplankton is limited, comparison of GDGT ratios (GDGT-0:crenarchaeol, iso GDGTs:br GDGTs, BIT index) for the sediments and surrounding soils indicates that at least part of the iso GDGTs has an aquatic origin. Overall, the downstream evolution of br GDGTs in the Changjiang implies that their use as paleoclimate proxy in downcore applications will likely yield a local, rather than a basin-integrated continental climate record.