Occurrence of brassinosteroids in non-flowering land plants, liverwort, moss, lycophyte and fern

Castasterone, 22-hydroxycampesterol, and other brassinosteroids were identified and quantified in non-flowering plants. Homologs of Arabidopsis P450 enzymes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and catabolism are phylogenetically analyzed in a liverwort, moss and lycophyte.259