Caryophyllene-rich rhizome oil of Zingiber nimmonii from South India: Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity

Zingiber nimmonii rhizome oil was characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. It is a unique natural source of isomeric caryophyllenes, β-caryophyllene (42.2%), α-caryophyllene (27.7%) and isocaryophyllene (trace). The oil showed significant activities against Candida glabrata, C. albicans, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis.