Ti 2p and O 1s core levels and chemical bonding in titanium-bearing oxides

A set of available experimental data on the binding energies of Ti 2p3/2 and O 1s core levels in titanium-bearing oxides has been presented by using the binding energy difference (O 1s-Ti 2p3/2) as a robust parameter to characterize these compounds. An empirical relationship between the (O 1s-Ti 2p3/2) values measured with XPS and the mean chemical bond length L(Ti-O) in these crystals has been discussed for Ti4+-compounds.