A very simple method of constructing efficient inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diode based on Ag/Al bilayer reflective cathode

► Comparative study of normal and inverted top-emitting OLED. ► Ag/Al cathode considerably enhances the efficiency of inverted top-emitting OLED. ► Electron-injection barrier height of Al/LiF/Alq3 estimated at ∼0.1 eV.