Nitration of phenols in reversed micelle systems and enhanced oxidation ability of dilute nitric acid (less than 2.0 molarity) in concentrated salt solutions

► Nitration of phenols with dilute nitric acid in reversed micelle systems was performed. ► Enhanced oxidation ability of dilute nitric acid "bulk" solution containing concentrated salts. ► The apparent contradiction has been integrated between NMR and Raman spectra of H2O with salts. ► Rapid concrete (the aged Portland cement components) corrosion with Cl2 evolution.