Heteronuclear dipolar recoupling using Hartmann-Hahn cross polarization: A probe for 19F-13C distance determination of fluorinated carbon materials

The procedure is applied to 15 different materials having different bonding (semi-covalent or covalent) and from various carbon allotropic varieties. The distance evolves from 0.138±0.002nm for covalent bonding to 0.1445±0.002nm for semi-covalent bonding. Other parameters may affect the C-F bond length e.g. steric hindrance which leads for fluorinated fullerenes to an increase of this distance up to 0.146±0.002nm.