Electrochemical properties of amorphous GeOx-C composite microspheres prepared by a one-pot spray pyrolysis process

Amorphous GeO2-GeO-C (GeOx-C) composite powders, containing a small amount of the GeC phase, are prepared by a one-pot spray pyrolysis process. The GeOx-C composite powders have a completely spherical shape and are non-aggregated. The Ge 3d components in the XPS spectrum of the composite occupy 53.3%, 40.1%, and 6.6% of the total for GeO2, GeO, and GeC, respectively. The amount of amorphous carbon in the GeOx-C composite powder is estimated at 18.3%, based on the TG and XPS analysis. The initial discharge and charge capacities of the GeOx-C composite powders at a current density of 1 A g−1 are 1873 and 908 mA h g−1, respectively. The discharge capacities of the GeOx-C composite and commercial GeO2 powders for the 1200th cycle are 723 and 169 mA h g−1, respectively, and their corresponding capacity retentions from the 2nd cycle are 70.1% and 19.0%, respectively. The high structural stability of the composite during repeated lithium insertion and desertion processes results in excellent long-term cycling performance.