Multiferroic ternary solid solution system of BiFeO3-NdFeO3-PbTiO3

The ternary solid solution system of BiFeO3-NdFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-NF-PT) has been synthesized in the form of ceramics by conventional solid reaction method in order to understand multiferroic properties. The introduction of NdFeO3 into the BiFeO3-PbTiO3 binary system can effectively increase electrical properties. The ternary system exhibits enhanced piezoelectric properties with optimal piezoelectric constants d33 = 142 pC/N and 135 pC/N, and reduced coercive fields EC = 32.63 kV/cm and 15.55 kV/cm for 0.52BiFeO3-0.08NdFeO3-0.40PbTiO3 and 0.20BiFeO3-0.20NdFeO3-0.60PbTiO3, respectively. The Curie temperature (TC) of the BiFeO3-NdFeO3-PbTiO3 ceramics varies in the range of 412 °C-260 °C. The magnetic hysteresis loops shows that the ternary system is paramagnetism originated from canting of paramagnetic sublattices in BF-NF-PT, because the exchange interaction between Fe3+ at the octahedral sites is affected by Nd3+ ions.