Transient response simulation of a passive sensible heat storage system and the comparison to a conventional active indirect two-tank unit

Next, the presented model of the concrete TES system is used to compare its transient response with that of a conventional active indirect two-tank heat storage system. Whilst the concrete TES system shows lower maximum rates of change in HTF outlet temperature right after the switching of operating modes, the conventional two-tank TES system has the important advantage of steady-state operation, providing constant HTF outlet temperature, which is very favorable considering steam cycle efficiency and thermal fatigue management.