Placental polyps with uterine vascular malformation mimics: Management dilemma

Uterine vascular malformations may be associated with heavy bleeding. They should be suspected on ultrasound with anechoic structures with positive Doppler signal. Dilatation and curettage is therapeutic for evacuation of placental polyps but can induce massive, life-threatening bleeding in cases with uterine arteriovenous shunting or malfomration (AVM), thus it should be done with caution in endometrial pathology with high velocity flow more than 40 cm/s as infection and adhesions are associated. Treatment of uterine AVM varies from medical management (hormonal therapy), minimally invasive uterine artery embolization to more definitive surgical hysterectomy, depending upon age of the patient, size, site of the lesion, and the desire to retain future fertility.