Testosterone as a marker of coronary artery disease severity in middle aged males

Historically, higher levels of serum testosterone were presumed deleterious to the cardiovascular system. In the last two decades, studies have suggested that low testosterone levels are associated with increased prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including dyslipidemia and diabetes. This is a cross sectional study. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between serum testosterone levels and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Serum testosterone levels were also correlated with flow mediated dilation of brachial artery (BAFMD) - an indicator of endothelial function. Consecutive male patients, aged 40-60 years, admitted for coronary angiography (CAG) with symptoms suggestive of CAD, were included in the study. Out of the 92 patients included in the study, 32 patients had normal coronaries and 60 had CAD on coronary angiography. Severity of CAD was determined by Gensini coronary score. The group with CAD had significantly lower levels of total serum testosterone (363 ± 147.1 vs 532.09 ± 150.5 ng/dl, p < 0.001), free testosterone (7.1215 ± 3.012 vs 10.4419 ± 2.75 ng/dl, p < 0.001) and bioavailable testosterone (166.17 ± 64.810 vs 247.94 ± 62.504 ng/dl, p < 0.001) when compared to controls. Adjusting for the traditional risk factors for CAD, a multiple linear regression analysis showed that low testosterone was an independent predictor of severity of CAD (β = −0.007, p < 0.001). This study also showed that levels of total, free and bioavailable testosterone correlated positively with BAFMD %.