Comparison of Three Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Methods for Revision Surgery for Recurrent Herniation After Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

None of the three surgical approaches exhibited clear advantages in long-term pain or functional scores. MED and PELD were associated with lower costs and better perioperative effects than MIS-TLIF. However, compared with MIS-TLIF, the higher recurrence rates of MED and PELD should not be ignored.