Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens, an Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) study

There is a relationship between exopolysaccharide layer and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The presence of icaAD genes among isolates is not associated with in vitro formation of biofilm. AFM is a useful tool for observation of bacterial biofilm formation.