Chemotherapy may eradicate ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) but not the associated microcalcifications

DCIS may be completely eradicated by NAC ± trastuzumab. However, associated microcalcifications probably persist. Patients with locally advanced breast cancer with substantial DCIS may still opt for NAC and breast conservation as the DCIS component may respond and even completely disappear following NAC. Residual widespread microcalcifications after NAC do not necessarily indicate residual cancer. Larger studies are needed to direct the surgical management of these patients.