Bone mineral density & bone mineral content in Saudi children, risk factors and early detection of their affection using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

ObjectivesOptimization of bone health is a very important concern now a day. Achievement of optimal peak bone mineral mass is the best means of preventing osteoporosis in adulthood. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become the basis for the evaluation of skeletal health in all ages.The aim of the workThis work aims to assess bone parameters in Alhasa children, Saudi Arabia.Patient & methodsA Cross-sectional survey study involves 126 healthy children (83) boys & (43) girls. Their ages range from (3-15 years).ResultsThe mean of Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were (0.915 ± 0.34 & 0.795 ± 0.133) (43.93 ± 29.4 & 37.63 ± 11.2) in boys and in girls respectively. These values were lower than other areas in Saudi Arabia. BMD & BMC are statistically significant positive correlation with age in both sex, (r = 0.567 P = 0.000 & r = 0.57 P < 0.001) and (r = 0.831, P = 0.000 & r = 0.818 P < 0.001) respectively. Level of BMD & BMC acquisition were more in boys than girls in all age groups especially group (12-15 years). The mean Z score shows significant steady decrease with age in both sexes. Height, Weight, BMI, showed significant positive correlations with changes in BMD & BMC. While Calcium level and Vitamin D level showed negative correlations.ConclusionThe average BMD & BMC in Saudi children is less than that of other races. It shows no significant difference with other Saudi population. Height, weight, BMI Calcium level and Vitamin D level can predict the changes in the BMC & BMD.