کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
577205 | 1453097 | 2013 | 6 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Perchlorate contamination from the detonation of insensitive high-explosive rounds
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کلمات کلیدی
EPARPDRDXIHErelative percent difference2,4-dinitroanisole - 2،4-دینیتروانیسولBiP - BIPDNAN - DNAOtp - OTPUHPLC–MS - UHPLC-MSEnvironmental contamination - آلودگی محیط زیستUS Environmental Protection Agency - آژانس حفاظت از محیط زیست ایالات متحدهQuality assurance - تضمین کیفیت، QAInsensitive Munition - مونیتور غیر حساسPerchlorate - پرکلراتAmmonium perchlorate - پرکلرات آمونیوم
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی شیمی
بهداشت و امنیت شیمی
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چکیده انگلیسی
The insensitive high-explosive PAX-21 was the first of its kind fielded in an artillery munition by the United States military. This formulation contains three main components: RDX, dinitroanisole, and ammonium perchlorate (AP). In March 2012, detonation tests were conducted on PAX-21 60Â mm mortar rounds to determine the energetic residues resulting from high-order and blow-in-place (BIP) detonations. Post-detonation residues were sampled and analyzed for the three main PAX-21 components. Concentrations of RDX and dinitroanisole in the samples were quite low, less than 0.1% of the munitions' original organic explosive filler mass, indicating high order or near high order detonations. However, disproportionately high concentrations of AP occurred in all residues. The residues averaged 15% of the original AP following high-order detonations and 38% of the original AP mass following the BIP operations. There was no correlation between AP residues and the RDX and dinitroanisole. Perchlorate readily leached from the detonation residues, with over 99% contained in the aqueous portion of the samples. Use of these rounds will result in billions of liters of water contaminated above drinking water perchlorate limits. As a result of this research, PAX-21 mortar rounds are currently restricted from use on US training ranges.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials - Volume 262, 15 November 2013, Pages 228-233
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials - Volume 262, 15 November 2013, Pages 228-233
نویسندگان
Michael R. Walsh, Marianne E. Walsh, Charles A. Ramsey, Sylvie Brochu, Sonia Thiboutot, Guy Ampleman,