Mesenchymal stem cell prevention of vascular remodeling in high flow-induced pulmonary hypertension through a paracrine mechanism

► We investigate the early effect of BMSCs on experimental PAH model rats and discussed the mechanism. ► BMSCs significantly improved the hemodynamic data and reduced the vascular remodeling of PAH. ► BMSCs significantly reduced the expression levels of inflammation factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. ► BMSCs significantly decreased the protein levels of MMP-9, but increased the levels of VEGF. ► The protective effect of BMSCs maybe through modulation of inflammation and paracrine mechanism.