TLRs as pharmacological targets for plant-derived compounds in infectious and inflammatory diseases

► Toll like receptors (TLRs) are closely related to infectious and inflammatory diseases. ► Manipulation with TLRs agonists and antagonists represent a promising drug strategy in infectious and inflammatory diseases. ► Several kinds of natural compounds have been found as unique agonists or antagonists for TLRs. ► Development of natural TLRs modulators may provide new hope in treating infectious and inflammatory diseases.