Crude extract and purified components isolated from the stems of Tinospora crispa exhibit positive inotropic effects on the isolated left atrium of rats

Positive inotropic effect of Tinospora crispa extract largely results from higenamine and salsolinol acting via the β-adrenoceptors, tyramine stimulated release of the NA, and uridine acts via A1adenosine receptors. At the same time adenosine acts via the A1adenosine receptors, to modulate its positive inotropic effect on the left atrium.145