Cystine-modified biomass for Cd(II) and Pb(II) biosorption

The surface of dried biomass of baker's yeast was modified by crosslinking cystine with glutaraldehyde. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microscope were used to characterize the modified biomass. The adsorption capacity of the modified biomass for Cd2+ and Pb2+ showed an increase compared with the pristine biomass due to the presence of cystine on the biomass surface. Experimental data showed that the adsorption of the two metal ions increased with time until equilibrium was achieved. The adsorption capacities for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were 11.63 and 45.87 mg g−1, respectively, which were determined from the Langmuir isotherm. The loaded biosorbent was regenerated using HCl solution and could be used repeatedly at six times with little loss of uptake capacity. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that carboxyl, amide, and hydroxyl groups on the biomass surface were involved in the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+.