New insight into artifactual phenomena during in vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles: Study of TNF-α adsorption on alumina oxide nanoparticle

► TNF-α degradation in cell-free conditions. ► TNF-α adsorption on the walls of the wells in cell-free conditions. ► TNF-α adsorption on boehmite in cell-free conditions. ► Adsorption isotherms of TNF-α.