Placental transfer and metabolism: An overview of the experimental models utilizing human placental tissue

► Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transporters modify placental transfer of xenobiotics. ► Several in vitro methods for placental toxicity and transfer exist. ► Placental perfusion and cells grown on semipermeable membranes provide data on placental transfer. ► Other models provide data on mechanisms affecting transfer such as uptake, efflux and metabolism.