Detection of free radicals formed by in vitro metabolism of fluoride using EPR spectroscopy

► In the study we examined the presence of free radicals by EPR spectroscopy in hepatocytes exposed to fluoride. ► Oxygen free radicals with g-factor of 2.0032 exist in hepatocytes. ► Amount of free radicals increases with the increase of fluoride concentration but decreases with the increase of incubation time. ► Continuous microwave saturation of EPR lines indicates that slow spin-lattice relaxation processes exist in hepatocytes. ► Strong dipolar interactions responsible for the broadening (ΔBpp: 1.45-1.87 mT) of the EPR spectra exist in the hepatocytes.