Increased bone mineral density in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: Impact of body composition differences

► Bone mineral density is higher at the femoral neck in Indigenous Australians compared to Caucasian reference ranges. ► Mean Z‐score at the femoral neck is + 0.98 in Indigenous men and + 0.82 in Indigenous women. ► Bone mineral density is higher at the lumbar spine in Indigenous Australians compared to Caucasian reference ranges. ► The higher lumbar spine BMD in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians is not independent of lean mass. ► The higher femoral neck BMD in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians is independent of lean mass in men.