G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei - serpentine gateways to neuroendocrine homeostasis

► The paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus are regulators of homeostasis. ► Over one hundred G protein-coupled receptors are expressed in each of these nuclei. ► The receptors have many functions including modulating neuropeptide synthesis and release. ► 20-30% of the receptors are 'orphans' whose endogenous ligand and function is unknown.