Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” bacteria: Pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review

► We review the ecology and diversity of tick-borne Anaplasmataceae bacteria. ► The taxonomic relations in the family Anaplasmataceae seem more intricate. ► “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” bacteria form a distinct cluster in Anaplasmataceae family. ► New genetic variants belonging to the genus Ehrlichia were characterized. ► Anaplasma phagocytophilum comprises distinct genetic lineages differing in host specificity.