How the hydro-gel flocculation microstructure changes

- Microstructural investigation of smectite clay in aqueous solutions was conducted.
- Transition of microstructure from “net of flakes” to 'Bander-model' was observed.
- Larger aggregates in CaCl2 solution show FF stacking with EF coagulation contacts.
- In the observed microstructure transformation, was result of the forces competition and platelets arrangement.