HDL levels and oxidizability during myocardial infarction are associated with reduced endothelial-mediated vasodilation and nitric oxide bioavailability

- During STEMI, high plasma HDL-C levels were associated with endothelial dysfunction.
- Acute inflammatory response elicits dynamic structural and functional changes in HDL.
- Apo A-I content is decreased, and anti-oxidant/inflammatory capacity are impaired.
- HDL becomes more prone to oxidation and the gathering of TBARS into HDL is enhanced.
- The magnitude of HDL oxidation was negatively correlated with endothelial function.

ObjectiveAcute phase response modifies high-density lipoprotein (HDL) into a dysfunctional particle that may favor oxidative/inflammatory stress and eNOS dysfunction. The present study investigated the impact of this phenomenon on patients presenting ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsPlasma was obtained from 180 consecutive patients within the first 24-h of onset of STEMI symptoms (D1) and after 5 days (D5). Nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and lipoproteins were isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation. The oxidizability of low-density lipoprotein incubated with HDL (HDLaoxLDL) and the HDL self-oxidizability (HDLautox) were measured after CuSO4 co-incubation. Anti-inflammatory activity of HDL was estimated by VCAM-1 secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells after incubation with TNF-α. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed at the 30th day (D30) after STEMI.ResultsAmong patients in the first tertile of admission HDL-Cholesterol (<33 mg/dL), the increment of NOx from D1 to D5 [6.7(2; 13) vs. 3.2(-3; 10) vs. 3.5(-3; 12); p = 0.001] and the FMD adjusted for multiple covariates [8.4(5; 11) vs 6.1(3; 10) vs. 5.2(3; 10); p = 0.001] were higher than in those in the second (33-42 mg/dL) or third (>42 mg/dL) tertiles, respectively. From D1 to D5, there was a decrease in HDL size (−6.3 ± 0.3%; p < 0.001) and particle number (−22.0 ± 0.6%; p < 0.001) as well as an increase in both HDLaoxLDL (33%(23); p < 0.001) and HDLautox (65%(25); p < 0.001). VCAM-1 secretion after TNF-a stimulation was reduced after co-incubation with HDL from healthy volunteers (−24%(33); p = 0.009), from MI patients at D1 (−23%(37); p = 0.015) and at D30 (−22%(24); p = 0.042) but not at D5 (p = 0.28).ConclusionDuring STEMI, high HDL-cholesterol is associated with a greater decline in endothelial function. In parallel, structural and functional changes in HDL occur reducing its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.