Long-term epilepsy surgery outcomes in patients with PET-positive, MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy

- The PET +/MRI − group had a shorter epilepsy duration than the group with MTS.
- In the PET +/MRI − group, the AVLT score decreased following surgery.
- In the group with MTS, the COWAT, TMT, CNT, and AVLT scores improved following surgery.
- MRI results should not preclude presurgical evaluations in patients with medically refractory TLE.

This study compared the long-term efficacy of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for the treatment of medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in patients who presented with ipsilateral temporal PET hypometabolism and nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (PET +/MRI−) with that in patients who had mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on MRI. We described the electroclinical, MRI, PET, and pathological characteristics and seizure outcome of 28 PET +/MRI  − patients without discordant ictal and interictal electroencephalography (EEG) who underwent ATL (2004-2007) for medically refractory partial epilepsy while avoiding intracranial monitoring. The primary outcome was the percentages of Engel Class I outcomes at 2 and 5 years of PET +/MRI− patients compared with those of patients with MTS on MRI; neuropsychological testing was used as the secondary outcome. At 2-year follow-up, 21 (75%) patients in the PET +/MRI  − group were in Engel Class I compared with 66 (75.9%) patients with MTS, and at 5-year follow-up, 20 (71.4%) patients in the PET +/MRI − group were in Engel Class I compared with 64 (73.6%) patients in the group with MTS. There were no significant differences between the groups at either time period. We concluded that normal MRI results should not preclude presurgical evaluations in patients with medically refractory TLE, as favorable long-term postoperative seizure outcomes are possible, especially in patients with unilateral anterior interictal epileptiform discharges and ipsilateral temporal PET hypometabolism.