Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation over time: Review of 65 consecutive patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy treated with VNS >Â 10Â years

► Vagus nerve stimulation maintains effective seizure control over the course of 10 years. ► After an initial “ramp-up” period during the initial 2 years following initiation of vagus nerve stimulation therapy, seizure control improved slightly and eventually stabilized. ► Variation in seizure frequency, device parameter adjustments, and antiepileptic drug regimen changes likely contribute to maintenance or improvement in seizure control over time.