Astrocytes from old Alzheimer's disease mice are impaired in Aβ uptake and in neuroprotection

- Astrocytes cultured from old AD mice retain high GFAP expression.
- Old AD astrocytes are impaired in Aβ uptake in vivo and in vitro.
- Aβ uptake by astrocytes is enhanced by C1q in a dose dependent manner.
- C1q interact with astrocyte scavenger receptor B1 to facilitate Aβ uptake.
- Old AD astrocytes have reduced neuroprotective properties.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), astrocytes undergo morphological changes ranging from atrophy to hypertrophy, but the effect of such changes at the functional level is still largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate whether alterations in astrocyte activity in AD are transient and depend on their microenvironment, or whether they are irreversible. We established and characterized a new protocol for the isolation of adult astrocytes and discovered that astrocytes isolated from old 5xFAD mice have higher GFAP expression than astrocytes derived from WT mice, as observed in vivo. We found high C1q levels in brain sections from old 5xFAD mice in close vicinity to amyloid plaques and astrocyte processes. Interestingly, while old 5xFAD astrocytes are impaired in uptake of soluble Aβ42, this effect was reversed upon an addition of exogenous C1q, suggesting a potential role for C1q in astrocyte-mediated Aβ clearance. Our results suggest that scavenger receptor B1 plays a role in C1q-facilitated Aβ uptake by astrocytes and that expression of scavenger receptor B1 is reduced in adult old 5xFAD astrocytes. Furthermore, old 5xFAD astrocytes show impairment in support of neuronal growth in co-culture and neurotoxicity concomitant with an elevation in IL-6 expression. Further understanding of the impact of astrocyte impairment on AD pathology may provide insights into the etiology of AD.