REVIEWBiological properties and regulation of IL-10 related cytokines and their contribution to autoimmune disease and tissue injury

The IL-10 cytokine family has nine members, four of which are located in the IL10 cluster on chromosome 1q32. These cytokines are the immune regulatory cytokine IL-10 itself, and the IL-20 subfamily members IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24. IL-10 instructs innate and adaptive immune responses and limits pro-inflammatory responses in order to prevent tissue damage. The IL-20 subfamily members are involved in host defense mechanisms, particularly from epithelial cells and seem essential for tissue integrity. Dysregulation of IL-10 family cytokines results in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Here, we discuss cellular source, gene regulation, and receptor complexes of cytokines in the IL10 cluster and their contribution to autoimmune disease and tissue damage.

► The IL10 cytokine cluster on chromosome 1 harbors IL10, IL19, IL20, and IL24. ► The namesake cytokine IL-10 controls immune responses and prevents tissue damage. ► The IL-20 subfamily members regulate innate immune responses to infections. ► IL-20 subfamily cytokines induce wound healing and play a role in tissue integrity. ► Dysregulation of IL-10 related cytokines and receptors contribute to autoimmunity.