Canine Leishmania infantum enzymatic polymorphism: A review including 1023 strains of the Mediterranean area, with special reference to Algeria

► The isoenzyme polymorphism of 1023 L. infantum strains isolated from dogs and identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. ► 12 zymodemes were identified in 16 countries of the Mediterranean basin: MON-1, MON-24, MON-34, MON-72, MON-77, MON-80, MON-98, MON-105, MON-108, MON-199, MON-199 var NP1130 and MON-281. ► The zymodeme MON-1 was predominant. ► The dog was the main reservoir of L. infantum MON-1 in human VL and CL. ► The polymorphism is relatively high in Algeria and Spain in contrast to other Mediterranean countries.